why was henry vii called the winter kingUncategorized

Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. [7] He came from an old, established Anglesey family that claimed descent from Cadwaladr, in legend, the last ancient British king,[8] and on occasion Henry displayed the red dragon of Cadwaladr. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. [10] A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard Andr, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent. For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. [49] The confused, fractious nature of Breton politics undermined his efforts, which finally failed after three sizeable expeditions, at a cost of 24,000. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? - AnswersAll His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. The usual courts and justice system were totally circumvented, and there was no chance of appeal other than purchasing extremely high priced royal pardons. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. I really enjoyed it. Overblown prose trumpeting his reign seemed to be the order of the day. It was no easy feat. He made huge gobs of money binding his subjects to him with loyalty bonds. [59][60][61], He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence if they were loyal to him. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Not only was . [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Henry was devastated. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. He was probably baptised at St Mary's Church, Pembroke,[1] though no documentation of the event exists. At Rennes Cathedral on Christmas Day 1483, Henry pledged to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV. Anne Boleyn | Biography, Children, Portrait, Death, & Facts - Britannica To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. Warbeck won the support of Edward IV's sister Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. - and that was only about 50% of the book, it was only about 50% interesting to me. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. Watch with Prime Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. Coinage of Henry VII of England | Mintage World She was Edward's heir since the presumed death of her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, King Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. Though this was not achieved during his reign, the marriage eventually led to the union of the English and Scottish crowns under Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, following the death of Henry's granddaughter Elizabeth I. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. (1): (April 24, 1883. Henry was a remarkable man. Henry VII: The Winter King. These laws were used shrewdly in levying fines upon those that he perceived as threats. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Penn is not one to understate a case. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. Otherwise, at the time of his father's arranging of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the future Henry VIII was too young to contract the marriage according to Canon Law and would be ineligible until age fourteen. He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. Celebrating the release of The Colour of Bone A London Charnel House. This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. Watch for $0.00 with Prime. The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . No. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). The King was heavily guarded. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Famed British author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Detailed Information. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts It was really very well researched and painstakingly written. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. His father, Henry VII, was a cold, calculating man (he wasn't called "the Winter King" for nothing), a greedy monarch who during his last years on the throne had squeezed every last drop. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. Henry then cemented his claim to the throne and his dynastic ambitions by marrying Elizabeth of York and bringing the Houses of Lancaster and York together; the red rose and white rose combined to become the Tudor rose. Penn went on to show Henry VIIs wax funeral effigy, which I saw on my recent trip to London, and which shows his fine-boned features and his crooked eye, but also a face bearing the signs of stress and illness. 1517. When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on the Field of Cloth His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. The portly Henry VIII, and the ill-fated destinies of most of his six wives, is one of the first historical figures primary-aged pupils are aware of.. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's reign Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. Henry VIII was spring and Henry VII was winter. I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. [citation needed] Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. enry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. Edward would have liked to rid himself of Henry, a rival to his throne, but Francis kept Henry safe. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History This is why he named the book the "Winter King". Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. Updates? While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. 4. Henry VII: The Winter King (95) 59min 2013 PG. [28], Henry had Parliament repeal Titulus Regius, the statute that declared Edward IV's marriage invalid and his children illegitimate, thus legitimising his wife. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. MP3 CD. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. He was, said Penn, a man who never knew a moments peace during his reign. [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn - review [53] Later on, Henry had exchanged letters with Pope Julius II in 1507, in which he encouraged him to establish peace among Christian realms, and to organise an expedition against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. 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