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Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Also Schffner points out that translational reality exceeds interlingual translation and she claims that it is increasingly agreed within the academic community of translators that the translators responsibilities go well beyond what was traditionally considered a translation proper (Schffner 1999: 98). Multimodal approaches to intersemiotic translation De skulle snart giftes. In one of the Bible translations (for very small children), we saw that significant restructuring (i.e., restructuring which transgresses even paragraphs) had taken place to ease comprehension. The Bible as a source text is a complicated matter though because of the interlingual translation which is also involved. However, there are lots of less obvious examples, especially when it comes to ambiguous or idiomatic sentences, such as sayings, which are often hard to translate At the same time more contemporary words and expressions have replaced older ones (several resembling the changes which were later to be made in the authorised version from 1992), everyday words have replaced more formal language and the syntax has become more straightforward resembling spoken language. no longer tolerate incomprehensible expert texts. This meta-analysis examined the overall effectiveness of subtitles to enhance learners' L2. Highly functional translations (which meet skopoi which differ greatly from those of the source texts), localisation, prcis-writing, expert-to-layman communication, etc. However, despite Jakobsons classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; it is next to impossible to find any relevant literature. This sentence is originally from the first verse. intralingual Definitions (linguistics, translation studies) Contained within the same language; involving a monolingual process adjective (linguistics, translation studies) grammar Contained within the same language; involving a monolingual process grammar intralingual ( not comparable) intralingual ( not comparable) Examples Stem resembles the challenge within intralingual translation of transmitting the same message in the linguistic style of another genre e.g. The subjective comments in the above examples reflect a political/feminist agenda from the 1970s. We can all, Im sure, think of multiple terms to describe human excrement and if they dont come to mind, do ask your nearest 5-6 year olds and youll have a full list in no time but in his exploration of the language of landscape, nature writer Robert MacFarlane unearthed a surprising number of forgotten English terms for animal dung. This chapter describes the broad phenomenon of intralingual translation, better known by such terms as reformulation, rewording, or paraphrasing. Localisation is now a huge industry which does of course often involve translation proper, but in many cases localisation also takes place intralingually, the aim being to produce different cultural versions of the same text within the same language. The content has remained constant both denotatively and connotatively. The changes made centre around the difference in time between the two versions and the aim is to make a traditional, close translation/version gently brought up to date to make it more accessible to contemporary readers. The four intralingual translations into Danish are the following in chronological order: A family picture Bible from 1973[7] (236 words), A picture Bible for very small children from 1991[8] (158 words), The Danish authorised version from 1992 (88 words), The New Testament in everyday Danish from 1985/2002[9] (89 words). . (*date) I will *keep money for a house. For explanatory purposes, Jakobsons definition sets the two kinds of translation apart (though both are defined as examples of a translational activity). When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. Though the Danish 1948 version has not been translated from King James, but from Greek, it reads as an almost direct translation thereof (92 words): Og alle gik hen for at lade sig indskrive, hver til sin by. My alternative definition is open and inherently non-finite and is an attempt to define the discipline of translation studies as an open field which relies on an open, inherently non-finite, yet describable concept and not on necessary or sufficient conditions or audience assumptions. And so it was, that, while they were there, the days were accomplished that she should be delivered. En thorie, la traductologie nexclut pas la traduction intralinguale, mais, dans les faits, les tudes empiriques ou les essais sur ce thme sont peu courantes. Even on the basis of a hermeneutic approach it still makes sense to try to delimit the field of translation studies, the question is in which way? Maria and Joseph gave him the name Jesus, just as the angel had told them to. As argued above, these activities share family resemblances with translation proper, but is it possible to get closer to a more detailed account of their general characteristics? It was between the fracas and the navel.' This example shows the importance of understanding or decoding the message content in communication. It may be more productive though to look at some of the differences. I can express the notion 'four year old male uncastrated domesticated reindeer' in English. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. These are all belonging to different British dialects, most are archaic and no longer in use, but they all display different shades of meaning that make them unique: Besides making for interesting conversation starters (perhaps not over dinner though! The intralingual translation that will be studied is a specific example: the rewriting of British novels for the North American market. The first intralingual workshop in the field of translation was held in 2014 at Bogazici University in Istanbul. (Jakobson, 1959:233) . Jakobson argued for a broad, inclusive definition of translation as a phenomenon fundamental to all language transactions. The authorised versions in Danish which have been produced through the times are translated from Greek (New Testament) and Hebrew (Old Testament), but the translators quite naturally consult translations into e.g. This sentence provides information which is traditionally not given until verse 21. Examples Intralingual translation occurs when we produce a summary or otherwise rewrite a text in same language, say a children's version of an encyclopedia. My initial research into the nature of intralingual translation (see Zethsen 2008) made me aware of the fact that since the time of Jakobsons definition, general definitions of translation have become less inclusive. Similarities as well as differences between rewording and translation proper are discussed, the conclusion being that the differences between intralingual and interlingual translation seem to be more a question of degree than of kind. Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. It can be seen that instead of the word "play", English has specific words . If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. This parameter covers instances where it is the temporal distance which makes a new version necessary. The novel had been neglected by the major scholars for a couple of decades until it was discovered by Lu Xun () and Hu Shi(). Create an account to receive our newsletter, course recommendations and promotions. a comparative analysis of strategies in text production. The changes made centre around the level of background knowledge and ability of comprehension of the target group. Here the source text can be described in words and then 'translated' into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. I have chosen to analyse and compare four different Danish versions of five verses from Luke chapter 2 with the Danish authorised 1948 version and this is how they read in the King James version (a 1986 edition[6]): And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. Viborg: Scandinavia. Halliday and the context of situation: Halliday sees language as a social semiotic, that is a vital part of social life and enables people to exchange meaning and function in the society. Og hun fdte sin sn, den frstefdte, og svbte ham og lagde ham i en krybbe, thi der var ikke plads til dem i herberget. The witness is intimidated by the formality of the court setting, and assumes that the unfamiliar word, 'fracas', is a polite euphemism. The novel, completed at the end of the 19th century, was a book of legendary, which inquiries into the moral and psychological consequences of desire. These factors are: These four factors are not listed according to importance, as that depends on the kind of intralingual translation. Chesterman (2018, this issue) notes that 'whether we lump interlingual and intralingual translation together into a single category, or propose a split into two categories, depends entirely on the purpose (s) we envisage for such a categorization'. 11. These three kinds of translation are to be differently labeled: 1) Intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language, 2) . Vi erkender derfor vort ansvar i den redaktionelle bearbejdning af grundteksten Oversaettelsen er sledes en fri oversaettelse, ikke en ord-for-ord oversaettelse, ej heller en parafrase.. on the map of translation studies and encourage future empirical research the aim of the present article is to take a closer look at intralingual translation in order to describe this kind of translation and the strategies involved and to compare it with translation proper. Intralingual translation has a strong tendency to involve a form of simplification where it becomes the main purpose of the translation, and because of this tendency the micro-strategies applied (additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) theoryabout Correspondence EquivalenceKoller19791 85points out knowledge indicativeofcompetence inthe foreignlanguageand translationinwhichhiscorrespondenceand equivalencecorrespond toSaussure'S langue parolerespectivelyKoller1972hasstatedthatthe equivalenteffectDrinciple translationistending toruleoutall others . The Source Text Postulate, The Transfer Postulate and the Relationship Postulate (Toury 1995: 33-35). It is this basic message which is intralingually translated into new versions, irrespective of the element (small or great) of interlingual translation intralingual translation is crucial in each new version. Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. Almost all of the text has been paraphrased and as could be expected lexis and syntax have been simplified in the process. Intralingual translation can refer to rewording or paraphrasing, summarizing, expanding or commenting within a language. Turn on JavaScript to exercise your cookie preferences for all non-essential cookies. However, despite Jakobson's classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. To Steiner, translation proper is seen as a heightened case of the process of communication and reception, but he also claims that the linguistic problems implicit in interlingual translation are already implicit in all intralingual discourse (Steiner 1975: 260-261, 414) a view reflected by Even-Zohar in 1990 when discussing the mechanism of transfer (see also Weissbrod 2004: 24; Shuttleworth 1997: 88). The text has been extended to 158 words though this includes verse 1 because of the restructuring. An engaging exploration of the intralingual translation of British novels for an American readership. The third function of intralingual translation, proposed by Xuanmin Luo at the Bogacizi conference in 2014, is the function of shaping a nations modernity, which is a structural concept dealing with the transformation of whole societies, ideologies, social structure and culture. Examples Intralingual translation occurs when we produce a summary or otherwise rewrite a text in same language, say a children's version of an encyclopedia. Korning . It was very uncomfortable for them to travel as Maria was soon to give birth; but of course those in power do not ask about such things. The denotative content of the text remains the same as in the 1948 edition. We therefore acknowledge our responsibility in the editorial interpretation of the source text The translation is thus a free translation, neither a word-for-word translation, nor a paraphrase.[11]. In his Dictionary of Translation Studies, Shuttleworth (1997: 82) writes that interlingual translation is the only kind of translation which corresponds to what is normally understood by the word translation. USA: P.S.I. It should be emphasized that it is an attempt, at a more detailed general description as there is not much theory or any empirical studies to lean on. Les similarits aussi bien que les diffrences entre reformulation et traduction proprement dite seront discutes, la conclusion tant que les diffrences entre traductions intralinguale et interlinguale semblent tre une question de degr plus que de nature. The next sections present a closer look at each of the parameters. BibTeX, JabRef, Mendeley, Zotero, Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, pp. The target group is adults who find the authorised version too difficult or stilted. CVR-nr: 31119103 What they offer is a description of the fundamental activity of translation, but a description which relies on open concepts and which is therefore able and willing to include a whole range of examples, from the prototypical to the peripheral, depending on the distance in question from the prototypical definition of the concepts involved. do not worry Ms Jones, a stapedectomy is a minor procedure of the middle ear performed in order to improve hearing). Unlike the other versions, the New Testament in everyday Danish has a preface in which the translators explain their strategy: You cannot blindly translate from source language to target language without disturbing the original meaning. Secondly and because of the purpose of simplification, the microstrategies applied in intralingual translation (the additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) In the English-speaking world the authoritative version is the King James Bible from 1611 (basically unrevised from that date if spelling and punctuation is discounted, see Nicolson 2003/2004) and in Denmark the first authorised version of the New Testament translated from Greek came in 1907 though the most influential work in Danish Bible translation is the resen-svanningske translation from 1647 on which the authorised version is based (Jeppesen 1990: 18) (the 1907 authorised version has since been revised in 1948[4] and 1992[5]). (Munday, Citation2009:201) The Short Stories of Shakespeare in UK is just an example. "Translation: Definition and Examples." I think we do need to redefine, even though we might actually ask redefine what? as there is no consensus within translation studies about one particular definition. Which is the main characteristics of Interlingual translation? Translation (whether interlingual, intralingual or intersemiotic) is seen as part of the semiotic concept of transfer and special focus is on transfer from one culture to another. I do believe, however, that they point in the right direction, but we need much more empirically-based research to provide a thorough and comprehensive description of intralingual translation and of the similarities and differences between intralingual and interlingual translation. If we know more about differences as well as similarities, the insights provided by both fields would be more useful. Intralingual translation Qubecois - French SL = TL Malay - Indonesian SW = TW Scriptural translation Transliteration Transcription . Even though the empirical study of intralingual translation is meagre, no one can deny that intralingual translation is a widespread phenomenon and that it is easy to find many very different instances of this kind of translation (within expert-layman communication, for instance, they abound). ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. The first is its referential function. At one point we have a writer in a room, struggling to approximate the impossible vision that hovers over his head. A good sample is Bangqing Hans Sing-song Girls of Shanghai. to make it more authoritative. Maria og Josef gav ham navnet Jesus, sdan som englen havde sagt de skulle. In one instance, the newer version replaces a modern-sounding expression Gik hen (went up to) with an older one, namely Drog hen, but probably because Drog hen is the more semantically correct expression. What is Intersemiotic Translation? In theory, translation studies does not exclude intralingual translation, but de facto empirical studies or discussions on the subject of intralingual translation are few and far between. The aim is to make the text understandable and interesting especially to the young members of a family.[10]. For the sake of comparison, a general description of intralingual translation and its characteristics on the basis of five different Danish versions of a section of the Bible and an analysis of the microstrategies employed in each version are proposed. ThoughtCo. Nordquist, Richard. The implication is that translation is a component in all language transactions and Jakobson divides these transactions into three kinds of translation or ways of interpreting a verbal sign: intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; intersemiotic translation or transmutation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems. Un article de la revue Meta (Volume 54, numro 4, dcembre 2009, p. 643-890) diffuse par la plateforme rudit. It can be very cold outside in the winter in Judaea []. London and Cambridge: The MIT Press. For example, any modern rendition of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales had to be translated from Middle English (provided it is not a translation of a translation). A transfer has taken place and the target text has been derived from the source text (resulting in a new product in another language, genre or medium), i.e. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? The analyses suggest that intralingual translation is generally motivated by one or more of the key parameters; knowledge, time, culture, and space. He finishes it, with misgivings. Nu elskede Maria en mand, som hed Josef. Gutt (1991/2000: 394-396) mentions the fact that not all translation scholars would feel comfortable with a broader definition which would allow summaries and elaborated versions, per example, to qualify as translation. the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingua, i.e., an abstract language-independent representation. 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