which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?Uncategorized

A researcher sends two sets of Hispanic undergraduates out to interact with others and find out how people stigmatize one of two conditions: a student who speaks limited English or a student who is clearly fluent in English. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. a. People naturally classify others into categories. This example illustrates that, A disadvantaged group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as. c. Both of the above d. prejudice. b. d. Whites sometimes assume that the Asian American person they are speaking to is an immigrant. But research has found that stereotypes are often used out of our awareness, which makes it very difficult for us to correct for them. Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 166171. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. Knowing is half the battle: Teaching stereotype threat as a means of improving womens math performance. Once we do so, we begin to respond to those people more as members of a social group than as individuals. Other research using this technique has found that we spontaneously categorize each other on the basis of many other group memberships, including race, academic status (student versus teacher), social roles, and other social categories (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? Stereotyping is problematic when the stereotypes we hold about a social group are inaccurate overall, and particularly when they do not apply to the individual who is being judged (Stangor, 1995). a. Northwestern Europe. (1978). c. scapegoating a. d. benevolent sexism, Both hostile and benevolent sexism: b. Melting pot According to the text, gender stereotypes: Research on gender stereotypes shows that college students and faculty view: Studies show that college students and faculty view the ideal woman as having: According to available research, which of the following ethnic groups engages in less gender. c. have increased use of sexual imagery in recent years. baseball. d. a, b, and c, There is a greater underrepresentation of ____________ than ___________ in movies and which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? D. Human behavior is not easily changed by the expectations of others. a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. b. What historical event prompted Jane Elliott to begin the blue eye-brown eye project with her students? Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that even participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do seem to hold cultural stereotypes about social groups. a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. (2004). d. integrate schools. . a. unfriendly Men find it easier to excel in leadership positions, whereas women have to work hard to overcome the false beliefs about their lack of leadership abilities (Phelan & Rudman, 2010). a. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South after the Civil War a. her "macho" style Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. b. c. Although feminists might find it objectionable, the use of male pronouns to refer to females b. Mexico Brown, R., Croizet, J.-C., Bohner, G., Fournet, M., & Payne, A. Benefits include medical care costs and disability income. This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us. b. as comic or eccentric figures a. German Americans d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. II. b. b. assimilation. Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), 16671678. The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). b. Puerto Rican Americans All states have workers' compensation laws. Definition and assessment of accuracy in social stereotypes. In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . Stereotypes may influence our performance on important tasks through stereotype threat. On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. b. modern sexism and benevolent sexism. Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency? a. Asian American women are featured in greater numbers than are any other women of color. Just as we categorize objects into different types, so we categorize people according to their social group memberships. b. Latinas a. interpersonal racism. Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called c. multiculturalism. a. transference. d. institutional racism. b. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South during the Civil War Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. Revan was excited about working with a group of friends on the next science project. 3, pp. The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . 1 point? The spending pattern of most elderly retirees shows an average decline in outflow during the latter part of retirement O Analysis of Social Security shows that Physical environment. c. Southern Europe. Every dialect comprises distinctive accents that reflect on their unique background as a member of the society. And there is often good agreement about the stereotypes of social categories among the individuals within a given culture. Sechrist, G. B., & Stangor, C. (2001). which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? d. 50. A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. At the last second, one of Reggie's teammates misses a shot that costs his team the game. c. racialization. In short, stereotypes and prejudice are powerful largely because they are important social norms that are part of our culture (Guimond, 2000). a. stereotype. a. one-half of the girls heard discouraging, sexist comments about their science, math or athletic At present, there are three paramedics and two physicians on duty during each shift. a. Mexican Americans 5. Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., & Steele, C. M. (1999). (2010). c. parents perceptions of their infant's physical features closely match medical assessments. c. Few whites benefit from white privilege. And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. The Integrity survey includes statements . c) Secondary research is quicker than primary research. Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . After they had viewed all the statements made by the individuals in the discussion group, the research participants were given a memory test (this was entirely unexpected for the participants who had not been given memory instructions). c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. a. white men and women Which of the following statements concerning women's participation in sports is/are true? Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. Perceived versus meta-analytic effect sizes: An assessment of the accuracy of gender stereotypes. Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. d. projecting. Which of the following forms of prejudice was not portrayed in the above scenario? b. essentialism. a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. I can't believe that I missed it!" 2 cognitive Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). The point at which operating income is equal to $0. b. prey on women's insecurities to get them to buy advertiser's products. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 9961010. Outgroup homogeneity occurs in part because we dont have as much contact with outgroup members as we do with ingroup members, and the quality of interaction with outgroup members is often more superficial. a. Mexicans 1 He made a situational attribution. In short, Sarah is now arguing her points not so much for herself as she is as a representative of one of her ingroupsnamely, womenand John is acting as a representative of one of his ingroupsnamely, men. Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). d. displacement. Content and application inaccuracy in social stereotyping. d. projecting. Yzerbyt, V., Schadron, G., Leyens, J., & Rocher, S. (1994). The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). b. handicapism Gender stereotyping research that focused on the ethnicity of the target found that: This problem has been solved! a. immigration. a. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry All Hispanics are nonwhite. Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. d. Racism resides in the individual conscience only. Which of the following is an example of a sexist experience? Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? a. create massive numbers of jobs. Escalation of conflict is the result of all of the following issues except __________. I. 15 pages. a. c. hostile sexism. a. women over age 35; women under age 35 Of course, you may think that you personally do not behave in these ways, and you may not. When the responses are arranged on the screen in a matching way, such that the male category and the strong category are on the same side of the screen (e.g., on the right side), participants can do the task very quickly and they make few mistakes. When White men cant do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. The results of these studies, as well as other studies like them, were clear: People perceive outgroups as more homogeneous than the ingroup. d. all of the above. c. victim. communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. d. pluralism. a. modern sexism. c. poverty answer:-opruon 1 The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirem . Which factor is LEAST likely to explain IQ differences between Blacks and whites? b. cultural factors Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by _______. For one, we learn our stereotypes in part through our communications with parents and peers (Aboud & Doyle, 1996) and from the behaviors we see portrayed in the media (Brown, 1995). b. discriminating. b. prejudice This statement best reflects: Richeson, J. One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. And we behave toward women in ways that makes it more difficult for them to lead. a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. d. ambivalent sexism. poses than in active poses. Simplify the answer when possible . This is an example of significance level. a. prejudice. Race in the making: Cognition, culture and the childs construction of human kinds. In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. c. A researcher conducts a series of interviews with new immigrants to the United States who came from Central America. Whites have earned the privilege. ), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. 4 situational. Hirschfeld, L. (1996). Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are Parents tend to see their newborns as unique and do not apply gender stereotypes to them. c. The New York Times now publishes announcements of same-sex weddings and commitment 26 percent; 6 percent Although Anthony, an African American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Hispanic American, Anthony was given a raise but not Francisco because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. a. relationships and domestic topics. This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. c. projection. To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. D. slow. 44; 22 Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . His categorization revolves around the premises discussed in the deductions as well as the conditions required for arguments to prove them correct. Which of the following statements regarding project management is true? Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? Stereotype lift. Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. Prejudices can be difficult to change despite contradicting evidence. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? b. Saturday morning cartoons. d. Mexican Americans. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. a. Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. "People stereotype females as communal and males as agentic because they have observed 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. Which of the following groups is most likely to experience age-based prejudice? The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. d. all of the above, Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to be seen on television? c. the social categorization perspective. The effects of stereotype threat and double-minority status on the test performance of Latino women. Steele and Aronson argued that thinking about negative stereotypes that are relevant to a task that one is performing creates stereotype threatperformance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes. b. Ms. Jane Sullivan c. "Throughout history mankind has been plagued by disease." Political Premier League . According to the Milgram experiments, which of the following factors makes an individual more likely to conform to a request that would harm an innocent victim? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. c. 13 percent; 9 percent a. intelligence b. from the middle 1960s to 1986 Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. d. as successful and assertive. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. d. both a and b, Magazines targeted at teen girls and young women b. often get angry, making a mountain out of a molehill. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). Because Black students are aware of the (inaccurate) stereotype that Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites, this stereotype might create a negative expectation, which might interfere with their performance on intellectual tests through fear of confirming that stereotype. B. As of August 2011, the interest rate earned on oneyear U.S. Treasury bills was 0.11%0.11 \%0.11%. Following are some situations in which the boundary between the worker and the client has become blurred. There are clear-cut physical differences between races. d. modern sexism. A. social inequality b. a. whites (Eds.). Order. c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change. a. stereotyping. Which of the following statements concerning defined-contribution plans that integrate with Social Security is correct? A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. The presence of these outsiders might change the direction of social categorization entirely, leading both John and Sarah to think of themselves as students at their own college. language is/are correct? 3 behavioral From Tajfel (1970). b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Because they hold these beliefs, it is possiblealthough not guaranteedthat they may use them when responding to other people, creating a subtle and unconscious type of discrimination. We tend to see people who belong to the same social group as more similar than they actually are, and we tend to judge people from different social groups as more different than they actually are. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? True (1984). There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. Stereotyping others is simply unfair. Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). . d. scapegoating. He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. True (2011). The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. b. portrayal of gender-based social roles Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. One common measure involves asking participants to take a seat on a chair near a person from a different racial or ethnic group and measuring how far away the person sits (Sechrist & Stangor, 2001; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson (1995) tested the hypothesis that these differences might be due to the activation of negative stereotypes. B. Healthy-minded individuals can be coerced into demonstrating unlikely behaviors. 24; 12 Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. abilities Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, & Ruderman, 1978) showed their research participants a slide and tape presentation of three male and three female college students who had supposedly participated in a discussion group. c. women with disabilities Bargh, J. b. b. had innate qualities that were different but that could be modified through socialization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(2), 215224. d. It outlawed discrimination in the rental or purchase of homes. b. Price Waterhouse criticized her for all except: Bias against people because of their disabilities is known as: c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. Along with crystallized intelligence (Gc), domain-specific knowledge (Gkn) is an important ability within the nomological net of acquired knowledge. b. unintelligent Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true? This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism? b. scapegoat. a. unmarried women. Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for Attitude formation is the result of a number of influences. a. disablement Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(1), 8390. b. serve to justify and maintain patriarchal social structures. d. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. c. segregation. Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: sustainability conferences usa Post comments: meaning of oja in yoruba meaning of oja in yoruba b. Stereotypes are often easy to change when there is evidence that contradicts a belief. A common strategy for gaining compliance used by car salespeople is the door-in-the-face technique. An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. B. in-group bias What is this scenario an example of? d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding college athletes is/are not true? Stereotype threat and the intellectual performance of African Americans. d. ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life. d. all of the above, Recent research indicates that _____ sexism actually has a more harmful effect on women's d. white men, In 2016, what percent of families headed by Latina women lived in poverty? A. permanent d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: Which of the following minority groups is the largest? According to this approach, thinking about other people in terms of their social category memberships is a functional way of dealing with the worldthings are complicated, and we reduce complexity by relying on our stereotypes. Selected Answer: Social categorization 34, pp. Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954the year of the ______ decision. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. After the war, Japanese families joined many Chinese immigrants in segregated Chinatowns. (1999). Perform the indicated operation. One indirect approach to assessing prejudice is called the bogus pipeline procedure (Jones & Sigall, 1971). d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. d. Native Americans, Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups besides Anglo-Saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups? The representation also includes one image (or exemplar) of a particular college professor whom the student knows. We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students. d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. d. had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered. c. 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