can eating too much lettuce kill youUncategorized

It's not very likely to kill you. When lettuce is consumed in excess, it can cause diarrhea by stimulating bowel movements. Common symptoms for star fruit intoxication include hiccups (the most common symptom, especially in mild intoxication), vomiting, weakness, insomnia, altered consciousness, convulsions and hypotension. Listed below are a variety of foods that are safe to feed your pet parakeet in addition to store-bought seed mix. If you suspect it may be another food in your salad, do some experimenting. If you have problems digesting lettuce or have a condition that you think eating lettuce may affect, consult your doctor. But some - namely spinach, beet greens, and Swiss chard - are also high in oxalic acid, the compound that gives hearty greens their signature earthy, slightly bitter taste.http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/QAA400344/Avoid-Vegetables-with-Oxalic-Acid.html screening and diagnostic services. If your rabbit isn't eating enough hay, it'll have to have its teeth filed down by a veterinarian. Cancer Center, February 2018 : What happens when you overeat. While rhubarb stalks are fine to eat, the leaves contain oxalic acid, a compound thats used in bleach and antirust products. They found that eating 10 portions per day was associated with a 24% reduced risk of heart disease, a 33% reduced risk of stroke, a 28% reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and a 13% reduced risk of total cancer. Low Calories and Energy If you only consider calories, it would. Fail to remove the toxin before eating and symptoms could include severe nausea and vomiting.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/04/foods-that-could-kill-you_n_4039765.html, Believe it or not, there is such thing as consuming too much water. In people with certain digestive conditions, these foods may worsen symptoms like cramping and diarrhea. Terrifying sea monster 'hafgufa' described in medieval Norse manuscripts is actually a whale, The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe, Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with checkout code 'LOVE5', Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. Because lettuce is mostly made of water, you would have to eat a lot of it for it to have any negative effect on your body. Broccoli, brussels sprouts, and the rest of the cruciferous vegetable family can be odor offenders on two fronts. It's difficult to pin down the mercury levels in pieces of sushi, because they can vary depending on the size and species of fish. Have you noticed lately that there seems to be more hair on your brush, but can't figure out why? Verification is completed within 3 business days. Vitamin B-6: 0.175 mg (10% of daily . However, excess feeding of vegetables, pellets, and fruits can lead to severe health issues like diarrhea, urinary problems, etc. Layered into spring rolls and wraps. Disease-causing E. coli O157:H7 can get trapped just below the surface of a lettuce leaf, and they're tough to dislodge or kill. Switching to Natural Powder Deodorant Changed My Life, The Deodorant Trick That Makes You Smell Fresh All Day. So, put down that doughnut. Thankfully, it is nearly impossible to overdose on most of these foods, since each serving contains so little of the toxins. How can a green leafy vegetable such as lettuce and spinach cause constipation? The Fix App makes it easy to manage all your stuff in one place. However, many people find that they have stomach cramps and diarrhea after eating salad, and sometimes it's pretty severe. Iceberg lettuce is generally the lettuce type with the lowest amount of nutrients. Thankfully, they'll all miss. Second, there's a real risk that you'll end up adding bacteria to . Because lettuce has beta-carotene, it is possible to consume so much of it that you acquire carotenodermia. ", If this is the case, stools will be hard initially and then may become softer, he says. Their diet should be 60-80% pellet foods, and seeds and the rest of them should be vegetables, nuts, and other treats. Like your cabbage and broccoli, these foods also typically contain sulfur. And the simple answer is both yes and no. In general, the recommended amount of lettuce for an adult rabbit is between 20-40 grams per day. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. But a diet that relies on a lot of lettuce may put you at risk for consuming too few calories to stay healthy and maintain a normal weight. If, despite this, you still want to try eating rhubarb leaves, you'll be glad to know that they're not severely toxic. Eat from a salad plate instead of a dinner plate. Ad Choices. But, do not give lettuce leaves as the only diet for your rabbit. Sushi lovers beware: eating too much raw tuna can increase your intake of mercury. When it comes to stopping stinky sweat, though, science hasn't produced a whole lot of definitive evidence for odor-neutralizing foods. Generally, lettuce is safe for most people to eat. Hydration Water makes up over 95% of raw. Raw red kidney beans contain a toxin called phytohaemagglutinin. You can also chop the lettuce or put it in the blender with other vegetables and freeze it. Do salads clean you out? "Some studies show that activated charcoal and chlorophyll may reduce odor, but high-quality evidence is sparse," says Kumar. email once verification is done. This type of imbalanced diet will not support your health. She rustled across the paper bag, and awakened Benjamin Bunny. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Adding a certificate takes only a few moments. Your official excuse to add "OOD" (ahem, out of doors) to your cal. It can cause an allergic reaction or alter your bowel movements. Water intoxication, known as hyponatremia, is mostly a risk for endurance athletes. If you need help purchasing a product directly from Allure, go to our FAQ. Answer (1 of 6): Benefits of green lettuce: Although the lactic material, which is found in most wild lettuce and is not found in commercial lettuce, the health characteristics of lettuce are enormous because it contains many nutrients and antioxidants found in leaves. One nutrient not found in spinach in large amounts is calcium. Kate Morin is a freelance writer and editor with a passion for food. Of fat . If there's one food that screams "healthy," it has to be salad. The conventional guideline of drinking eight glasses of water a day has proven to be a myth. As a result, eating a lot of lettuce provides significantly more vitamin A than you need. If it leaks into the water or is consumed by your goldfish, it is a health risk. High-Fiber FoodsYes, but if you eat too much fiber you can develop excessive gas and diarrhea. Most cases of bursting come once we've eaten around 4 to 5 liters of food. Although star fruits (also known as carambolas) are not as common in North America, it is widely available in Southeast Asia and South America as fresh fruits, in salads and pickled juice. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). 3 3. That's not to say nothing bad will happen; consistent exposure to even. Wraps and spring rolls just wouldn't be the same without some lettuce inside. Find information and resources for current and returning patients. Carotenodermia manifests as a yellowish tint to the skin but goes away quickly if you lower the amount of beta-carotene you consume. There were dozens of outbreaks of E. coli linked to leafy greens in the United States between 2009 and 2017, according to the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. This type of lettuce can contain lactucarium, as I mentioned earlier. Iceberg Lettuce This may come as a shock, but you should avoid feeding your rabbit light-colored lettuce, including iceberg, as it can contain lactucarium, a chemical that can be harmful to your bunny's health if ingested. Eat your vegetables. Because it's low in calories, there's not a big problem with eating too much lettuce. "Too much roughage and raw foods can be hard to digest." You can eat all parts of the watermelon including the rind and seeds, according to health website Healthline (opens in new tab). The Beach Is My Happy Placeand Here Are 3 Science-Backed Reasons It Should Be Yours, Too. Hay can be served in unlimited quantities. "Visceral fat is linked to an increase in several negative health . This would mean eating more than 77.8 tablespoons of hummus can put. While getting more fiber by increasing lettuce intake is healthy, you may experience digestive problems if you overindulge. Like many leafy green vegetables, lettuce is a good source of vitamin K. Getting extra vitamin K isn't a problem for most people, because its only toxic when large doses come from supplements, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. Meat is also on the list of smell-inducing, sulfur-rich foods. And dont try to simmer them for a longer period of time in place of boiling: Cooking the beans at temperatures below boiling multiplies their toxicity. The sweat from those on the vegetarian diet was judged by a group of women to be significantly less pungent. "I'd start with between a cup-and-a-half to two cups of salad," she says. In the tales of Peter Rabbit and co - Beatrix Potter forewarns us that lettuce can have a soporific effect. After all, lettuce is 90 percent water and is also a low-calorie . A typical, 8-ounce cup of medium roast coffee has about 200 mg of caffeine, a 1-ounce shot of espresso has about 75 mg, an 8 ounce cup of black tea can have 120 mg of caffeine. Sometimes lettuce, especially romaine, is recalled. Bauer explains that some people can eat big salads and have no digestive problems whatsoever, but if you do have some stomach issueswhich is especially common if you are just starting to make salads part of your everyday lifeshe suggests looking at the amount of raw roughage you're taking in. The expanded stomach pushes against other organs, making you uncomfortable. Untreated, selenosis can even lead to difficulty breathing, tremors, kidney failure, heart attack, or heart failure. Happy hour might have some not-so-pleasant effects on your post-bar smell. It's caused by a compound called "methyl mercaptan." You can probably guess what happens if you eat too much over time. Lettuce is supposed to make you go, not stop you up. A previous version of this story was published on March 16, 2021. Some ideas, from Mayo Clinic and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston: Read more: Is There Anything That Helps Digest Lettuce? "High levels of the compound get excreted through the sweat glands, giving a fishy smell," he says. It was way too much lettuce to eat, even if we'd had salad for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Competitive eaters reportedly eat massive amounts of lettuce to prepare for their events. "For some people, the more cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussel sprouts, tend to be more gas-inducing veggies and are a little bit harder to digest than those like cucumber, carrots, and zucchini," she says. Toxicology tests found traces of myristicin (a compound found in the essential oil of nutmeg) and flunitrazepam (a powerful sedative) in her blood. The Best Food To Feed Your Swans. With Avalara CertCapture, you can add your tax exemption certificates to your Fix.com account to purchase tax-free! However, trouble kicks in when the spice is consumed in excessive quantities as a low-cost hallucinogenic drug. Spinach contains large amounts of vitamins and minerals which is always a good thing, but if your chickens eat too much spinach, they will absorb only nutrients from the spinach. Leaf lettuces don't form a head, and are instead connected to a stem. A cup of chopped butterhead lettuce contains:. Butterhead lettuce contains 36% of the daily value of vitamin A. In this small study, researchers put a group of 17 men on meat or no-meat diets for two weeks and collected their underarm sweat. Nutmeg, even in doses as high as 20 to 80 grams of powder, is rarely deadly. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis: "Nutritional Value, Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.)". But what about when you overeat at dinner? If you overeat, this acid may back up into the esophagus resulting in heartburn. While studies have not shown any apparent toxic effects on humans, too much of the compound can lead to digestive issues. Subscribe to Videos. We will notify you via There are multiple types of lettuce, and they all share the scientific name Lactuca sativa. Oh, I discovered a few years ago that spinach constipates me too. Cooking advice that works. Your circadian clock, which controls your sleep cycles, causes your sleep and hunger hormone levels to rise and fall throughout the day. Vitamin A: 51.9 mcg (6% of daily value). Consuming too much food that is high in fat, like pizza and cheeseburgers, may make you more susceptible to heartburn. A cup of chopped red leaf lettuce contains:. Those compounds are known as VOCs (volatile organic compounds), and they can produce some particularly pungent sweat. Sometimes its taste, sometimes it's habit, or maybe its stress. From an Ayurvedic perspective, Dr. Sharma says, "ancient wisdom on food indicates that cooked foods are easier and more gentle on the body, and then adding in some easily digestive raw foods as part of the daily meal is a good combination to have." Reality: eating too much shop-bought rabbit food can cause weight gain and prevent your rabbit from eating enough hay and/or grass. According to a case report published in Emergency Medicine Journal in 2005, some people may also experience acute psychotic episodes, detachment from reality and visual hallucinations. The humble salad is the bland but dependable nutritious lunch choice that will make you . People who frequently suffer from digestive stress or have symptoms. Though there are different types of lettuce, their basic composition is the same and if consumed in excess, they can exacerbate certain health conditions. Now go forth and satisfy that morbid curiosity: *Note: Numbers are by no means a strong suit of ours, so while we're reasonably confident in the algebra used to come up with these quantities, please excuse any calculation errors! Greasy meals delay stomach emptying and may cause bloating, nausea, and stomach pain. If you eat lettuce or salad and find you're gassy, it could be "due to underlying constipation that is trying to make its way 'out,'" Dr. Sonpal says. http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/QAA400344/Avoid-Vegetables-with-Oxalic-Acid.html, http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/poison/oxalic-acid/overview.html, http://www.incrediblesmoothies.com/green-smoothies/oxalates-spinach-oxalic-acid-health-concern/, http://www.realfoodforlife.com/oxalic-acid-controversy/, http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/brazil-nuts-health-digestion-4557.html, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Selenium-Consumer/, http://www.womenshealthmag.com/food/dangerous-healthy-foods, https://www.edf.org/oceans/mercury-alert-canned-tuna-safe-eat, https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/10-things-you-eat-all-the-time-that-could-poison-you, http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/what-is-tomatine.html, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/04/foods-that-could-kill-you_n_4039765.html, http://www.bonappetit.com/test-kitchen/ingredients/slideshow/foods-that-can-kill-you. So, what is causing the pain? Eating too much food requires your organs to work harder. Your metabolism may speed up as it tries to burn off those extra calories. You're constipated. Also important to know is that raw veggies aren't the only salad ingredient that can cause digestive stress. LONDON (AP) New guidelines from the World Health Organization are enough to kill anyone's sugar high. Washing leafy greens does not remove all germs. Star fruit poisoning was first described in 1980 in Malaysia, where it was found to have a depressive effect on the central nervous system. Can You Be Intolerant To Lettuce. Here's How to Make It Easier to Digest, Having Issues Digesting Leafy Greens? While getting more fiber by increasing lettuce intake is healthy, you may experience digestive problems if you overindulge. To enjoy the health benefits of lettuce, try it in: Depending on the lettuce type, you can also use it as a substitute for bread with some sandwiches or burgers. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. Your gift will help support our mission to end cancer and make a difference in the lives of our patients. Change the lives of cancer patients by giving your time and talent. This results in the body's inability to break down a foul-smelling compound found in cruciferous vegetables, as well as beans, eggs, and milk, Zeichner explains. Any thoughts would be appreciated. I found ideas like "lettuce soup". Iceberg lettuce does not have as much nutritional and health benefits as other vegetables but there are some good . Alfalfa hay should be avoided for rabbits older than 6 months. Lettuce CAN KILL a Guinea Pig! Internal Medicine 38 years experience. Eating a Lot of Lettuce Quickly So should you remove these foods from your diet altogether? To remove it, the beans have to be boiled for at least 10 minutes before consuming. Her tip: Go easy on the aforementioned ones and also limit your salad to three different vegetables as to not overwhelm the digestive tract. Is this an emergency? According to a case published by Swedish physicians in a 2010 issue of Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, a 21-year-old woman went into cardiac arrest shortly after consuming about 10,000 mg of caffeine. Pay attention to your. Eat slowly and put your fork down between bites. This lettuce variety is common in China, but less common in the Western world. These are considered keto vegetables. A single cherry yields roughly 0.17 grams of lethal cyanide per gram of seed, so depending on the size of the kernel, ingesting just one or two freshly crushed pits can lead to death. However, as always, too much of a good thing can be bad. Our experts sound off on some of the myths and truths surrounding energy balance and weight loss. All rights reserved. In a recent report published in the Journal of Intensive Care Medicine by physicians at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, a 22-year-old male newly diagnosed with HIV became ill within twelve hours of consuming the tea. This is because eating too many radishes may force our body to lose excess water and this may lead to dehydration. Some samples of bigeye tuna or bluefin tuna, which are more common in restaurants, had mercury levels that exceeded or approached levels permissible by regulatory agencies in the U.S., Canada other nations and the World Health Organization, the study showed. It also plays an important role in reproduction, thyroid function, and DNA production. That's plenty of reason to eat a salad every day, if you ask us. Lettuce is also low in carbohydrates, which are important sources of energy. We've also done some quick math* to figure out how much you can eat before things getlethal. Can you eat too much lettuce? If you ever come across a green potato, especially one that has started to sprout, toss it. Too much of this compound can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac arrest. As if the decade weren't bad enough, eating raw veggies was a gamble. The benefits only get better if you use the Romaine variety of lettuce, as not all lettuce is created equal. Eating too much spinach can prevent proper calcium absorption. Some research shows it would take about 25 grams of oxalic acid to cause death in a 145-pound person, which would equate to about 7.3 pounds of spinach.http://www.incrediblesmoothies.com/green-smoothies/oxalates-spinach-oxalic-acid-health-concern/http://www.realfoodforlife.com/oxalic-acid-controversy/. After some quick Googling, we found that hydrogen cyanide is lethal at about 1.52 milligrams per kilogram, meaning that it takes little more than 0.1 grams (a dime weighs about one gram) of the toxin to dispatch a 150-pound human. This discomfort can take the form of feeling tired, sluggish or drowsy. Large fishes on top of the food chain, such as the prized bluefin tuna, can accumulate methyl mercury in their muscles because they consume many smaller fishes over their lives. "I hear over and over again from clients that they start eating salads to be healthier and end up feeling bloated," Bauer says. Bon Apptit may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. Lettuce of the romaine, arugula, and iceberg varieties do not contain ingredients that can really harm your dog. of signs you need emergency medical attention or call 911. But there is such thing as drinking too much water. While lettuce doesn't usually contribute a ton of flavor, it does add freshness, texture, and an appetizing color to wraps and rolls. The rest are stored as fat. Consult a gastroenterology specialist or your primary doctor. These outbreaks are likely due to runoff from nearby animal farms that contaminates lettuce. I hated to waste it, but you can imagine how salad three times a day would go over with the youngest people at my house. This makes it difficult to set a definitive cap on sushi consumption. Cherries, Apricots, Plums, Peaches: Cyanide, they're rarely poisonous when eaten whole, is lethal at about 1.52 milligrams per kilogram, yields roughly 0.17 grams of lethal cyanide, can lead to heart disease and bladder cancer, eating the leaves can cause burning sensations in the mouth and throat, According to a study from the Hampshire College, Potential symptoms of solanine poisoning include, Apple seeds contain roughly 700 milligrams of hydrogen cyanide per kilogram, A typical supermarket apple contains about eight seeds. Luckily, it would be nearly impossible for an adult to consume enough green potatoes to get sick: A 100-pound adult would have to eat a full pound of completely green potatoes before showing symptoms. However, acute kidney failure has been reported in people with a history of kidney diseases. The amounts of oxalates can be increased in our bodies by the amount of foods we . Eating them "may increase the availability of sulfur to skin bacteria, allowing them to make more sulfur-containing compounds," Kumar explains, meaning you may start producing that rotten smell. This increases your risk for cancer and other chronic health problems. In fact, too much caffeine can be fatal. Lettuce is a source of vitamin A, which plays a role in eye health. Salad Giving You Diarrhea? If you're looking for simple ways to cut down on raw foods while still eating healthy, check out these 8 lettuce-free salad recipes. 2. Your clothes also may feel tight, too. It strains your digestive system. Dont give up the hearty greens and red kidney beans quite yet! Alcohol Happy hour might have some not-so-pleasant effects on your post-bar smell. For one, eating too much can cause a spike in your blood sugar levels because your body begins to overcompensate and produce more insulin than usual to keep blood sugar levels at a healthy range. It can also be stressful for our kidneys. retailers. Eat some more, and reports seem to suggest we'll be OK health-wise, holding up to 3 liters. One study determined that a 130-pound woman would have to eat about 10 pounds of rhubarb leaves to show symptoms of oxalic acid poisoning.http://www.bonappetit.com/test-kitchen/ingredients/slideshow/foods-that-can-kill-you. Keep consumption to no more than three to five cans per week, and you should be safe. Lettuce is a source of vitamin K, which helps strengthen bones. So, what happens to your body when you overeat? This uniquely shaped fruit poses very little risk to healthy people when eaten in normal quantities. Consuming more calories than you burn may cause you to become overweight or obese. However, tuna sushi from restaurants tends to have higher mercury levels than supermarket tuna sushi, according to research published in the journal Biology Letters in 2010. Niket Sonpal, MD, an internist and gastroenterologist in New York City, offers some reasons your lettuce/salad could be causing you gastric upset: It may be contaminated. "It actually means continue and add more fiber.". The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. (Credit: sk8geek / Flickr, MissMessie / Flickr, kudumomo / Flickr), Rice (especially rice grown in Texas) contains arsenic, a toxin that can cause bad things like vomiting, abdominal pain, and vertigo when consumed in large quantities. Extracts of multiple lettuce types have also been shown to promote sleep. The first was reported in 1908 and involved about 14 grams ingested by an 8-year-old. It is not recommended that they eat too much lettuce that can cause bad health problems for them. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our But believe it or not, it is possible to have too much of a good thing when it comes to some healthy staples. Lettuce wraps are always great when you want to eat something fresh without eating too much. Your California Privacy Rights. Too much of this compound can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac arrest. Here are a few suggestions. We spoke to Levy to learn more about the effects of overeating. And it would be unlikely to recur over time. can help you get a date: 2023 Cond Nast. Eating too much shrimp can cause gout to flare up. To begin, you need to log into or create an account with Fix.com. Parakeets or budgies can eat lettuce but only in a very limited quantity. Digestive enzymes are only available in limited quantity, so the larger the amount of food you eat, the longer it takes to digest. Introduce them gradually, as large amounts of lettuce can cause tummy upsets for rabbits not used to it. The compound is particularly concentrated in potatoes that have started to turn green, and especially when they've begun to sprout. But you should add fiber gradually. Assuming that one apple seed weighs about half a gram, that means you'd have to eat your way through 200 pips. It's also known as the main ingredient in Caesar salad. When it comes to building your salad, Bauer points out that some ingredients are easier to digest than others. Plus, avoid salad fatigue by checking out all the different ways wellness influencers like to eat their greens. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. You would have to consume 10 cups of shredded red-leaf lettuce just to get 10 percent of the RDA for calcium, magnesium, potassium and vitamin C. A high-lettuce diet is also likely to lack protein, with 1 gram or less of protein in a 1-cup serving. But its not just about the unwanted calories. Fixing bad breath after a meal is relatively easy: Just pop a mint, use mouthwash, or better yet, floss and brush your teeth. When this chemical gathers in excess in the body it is called hyperuricemia - this can then cause gout, the formation of . Purine, when processed by the body, turns into a chemical called uric acid. Compare this to a pear, 5.1grams, or a sweet potato, 3.9 grams. Peptic ulcer: Symptoms may be related to an ulcer, gall bladder, or colitis. It also contains small amounts of vitamin C and iron. So, how many cherry pits is a lethal amount of cherry pits? Freuman explains that going ham on a burger can give you "rotten egg-smelling flatulence or stools." Here is the nutritional information . The health benefits of lettuce come primarily from its vitamin content. Eating too many tomatoes can cause heart burn or acid reflux due to the production of excess gastric acid in the stomach. NASA warns of 3 skyscraper-sized asteroids headed toward Earth this week. Romaine lettuce has more vitamins, but still not a whole lot of fiber, 1.2 grams. No, it only makes them pee a lot. Silverbeet Overeating can even impact your sleep. Although some people claim they would cease to function properly without their cup of morning coffee, it's best not to have too many cups. Given that it would take about 50 grams of arsenic to kill the average 150-pound adult, you'd have to eat nearly 7 million servings of ricein one sittingto achieve death by rice. The mouse apologized profusely, and said that she knew Peter Rabbit. That's nearly a quarter pound of apple seeds, sans actual apple flesh. Noticeable side effects can occur if you consume more than 600 to 900 mg of caffeine a day, according to the Mayo Clinic, and those include: insomnia, restlessness, nausea, irregular heartbeat, muscle tremors, anxiety and headaches. But leafy greens, like other vegetables and fruits, are sometimes contaminated with harmful germs. whisky investment partners leeds, Reeta Chakrabarti Daughter Roxy, Articles C

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